Tuesday, December 2, 2014

One Candle


Amidst the food and festivities of Hanukah adorning a comfortable modern holiday table, two elderly women - Grandma and Great Aunt Rose - begin to tell a story explaining their non-traditional choice for commemorative Hanukah menorahs (candles).  When these women were but girls - 12 years old - they were confined to a brutal Nazi concentration camp, Buchenwald.  Here, they worked in the kitchen.  Risking great danger, they carefully smuggled out some butter and a potato.  Though literally starving, they did not eat these items, but rather, used them along with a string from their skirt, to improvise a candle to commemorate Hanukkah.

Asked why they took this huge risk, grandmother replies,

"That Hanukkah candle lifted us.  It lifted us to the stars.  In our minds, sweetheart.  In our hearts."

As they retell this story year after year, lighting their potato candle, we readers are also lifted to the stars.  With these two small girls, Bunting gives a powerful story of defiant triumph over evil, of brave clinging to hope in the midst of despair.  Tellingly, Bunting ends her story with a repetition of those powerful lines,"And in that moment we are lifted to the stars."


Theme: Remember - renarrate - history's stories of defiant triumphs of unassuming weakness over evil, of brave clinging to hope in the midst of despair.

                               ______________________________________________

My extension: comparing Bunting's story to (an even more beautiful) story I heard once several years ago:

Perhaps Bunting borrowed this story from the real life story of Rabbi Hugo Gryn.  I researched it and could find no intentional connection.  

At any rate, when Hugo Gryn was a child in Auschwitz with his father, they saved their meager daily ration of margarine.  They were slowly starving to death and young Hugo argued with his father, demanding that they eat this, their only source of nourishment.  His father was already sick and weak, and a hungry young Hugo was appalled when he got the answer from his father.  They wouldn't eat the margarine.  They would make a Hanukah candle from it.

Hugo  just couldn’t comprehend his father's logic.  He told his father that it seemed foolish to do so, but his father melted the precious margarine ration to light a Hanukkah candle. Hugo protested. His father said, 

“My child, we know you can live three days without water. You can live three weeks without food. But you cannot live for three minutes without hope.” Live in hope. 


His father died when the liberation took place.  Not having enough physical food he starved to death.  But he starved to death living in hope.  He fed his spirit rather than his stomach, planting a seed of hope in his son who later became a world renown rabbi and advocate of peace and, despite the grave injustices that he had personally suffered, forgiveness.  


Links:
http://www.hugogryn.com/about-hugo-gryn/

Monday, December 1, 2014

So Far from the Sea

This story is told through the eyes of nine year old Laura Iwasaki who is going to visit her grandfather's barren grave one last time before the family moves out of the area.  This grave is located in the abandoned Manzanar Relocation Camp, one of ten relocation camps scattered across the West Coast to confine (or intern) Japanese Americans during WWII.   Here, the children's grandfather, a devoted tuna fisherman, was robbed of his boat, home and dignity, and sent to a land "so far from the sea."  There he died, burial marked only by a small ring of stones.  The family leaves silk flowers.  Laura leaves a poignantly tragic memorial, the neckerchief from her father's Cub Scout uniform, an article which the grandfather insisted his son wear if the soldiers were to come to their house, "that way they will know that you are a true American and they will not take you."

This neckerchief, a sign of the grandfather's sense of American patriotism that was ignored through misguided fear, symbolizes the general patriotism that filled the Japanese American community in the 1940's.

Before I continue, I acknowledge that this - like many of Buntings' stories - was a difficult story, touching on raw nerves in our country's long and murky blurring between justified "security" response and outright victimizing.  However, I firmly believe that preparation for voting citizenry comes through exposure to debates and opposing sides of an issue, looking at history in all its murkiness and, sometimes ugliness.  Bunting helps us to do just this.

To help put this weighing of the issue into action, students explored both sides - the official stance adopted by the U.S. government following Japan’s unprovoked bombing of Pearl Harbor and the Japanese American perspective and pain felt by many innocent civilian confined to interment camps.  We explored reasons why the Japanese might have been resented.  Granted, Pearl Harbor lay on the immediate backdrop and many feared that those of Japanese ancestry, second or third generation immigrants, might be traitorous.  Interestingly, these same fears were not in place for those of German or Italian ancestry.   Consider, too, the following quote:

  • "Most of the 110,000 persons removed for reasons of 'national security' were school-age children, infants and young adults not yet of voting age." 
    • "Years of Infamy", Michi Weglyn


    

Internment was popular among many white farmers who resented the Japanese American farmers and saw imprisonment as a convenient way of getting rid of unwanted competition.

Austin E. Anson, managing secretary of the Salinas Vegetable Grower-Shipper Association, told the Saturday Evening Post in 1942:
  • "We're charged with wanting to get rid of the Japs for selfish reasons. We do. It's a question of whether the white man lives on the Pacific Coast or the brown men. They came into this valley to work, and they stayed to take over... If all the Japs were removed tomorrow, we'd never miss them in two weeks, because the white farmers can take over and produce everything the Jap grows. And we do not want them back when the war ends, either."

WRA Relocation Centers
NameStateOpenedMax. Pop'n
ManzanarCaliforniaMarch 194210,046
Tule LakeCaliforniaMay 194218,789
PostonArizonaMay 194217,814
Gila RiverArizonaJuly 194213,348
GranadaColoradoAugust 19427,318
Heart MountainWyomingAugust 194210,767
MinidokaIdahoAugust 19429,397
TopazUtahSeptember 19428,130
RohwerArkansasSeptember 19428,475
JeromeArkansasOctober 19428,497

To heighten students' historical empathy I asked them to imagine that they were all Japanese-Americans and that they have found out they are going to be relocated.  The government is going to house everyone, but they cannot leave their possessions; they must sell or rent everything they have.  Only a few clothes and precious things can be kept. What would you take?


Links:
https://www.teachervision.com/tv/printables/beyondblame21_27.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans
http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist8/evac16.html
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/timeline.html